Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Publik Melalui Reformasi Birokrasi
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
During the last two decades, the issues of public service have been arising all over the world. Triggered by the concept of Reinventing Government (Osborne & Gaebler, 1992), the US Government launched a project with the same term as the concept in 1995. In the beginning of 1990, the UK Government announced the Next Steps as the government effort to fulfil the basic needs of the citizen. Other commonwealth countries, such as Australia, New Zealand and Singapore followed the steps in various terms, all intended to improve the public service (Osborne & Plastrik, 1996).
In most cases, the low quality of public institution in facilitating various kinds of  service has generated such spirit of reinventing public service.  People in Indonesia have long suffered from the sluggish and extended bureaucratic chain, which causes high-cost service in the process of attaining the driver license, passport, marital and birth certificates, letters of land belongings, and other formal documents. The similar phenomena appear in the service of telephone network, electricity, clean water, education, health service, transportation and other public services.
The government of Indonesia has actually published various kinds of policy concerning the improvement of public service quality. Published during the Soeharto era were alternately The Guidance of Simplification and Control of Business Permit (1984), The Guidance of Public Service Management (1993), and The Guidance of Reorganization and Improvement of  Government Apparatus Service to the Society (1995). After the Reformation era, the government announced The Real Steps to improve Public Service (1998) and finally the General Guidance of Public Service Implementation(2003).
Â
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- The journal allow the authors to hold the copyright without restrictions and allow the authors to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
References
Armajani, Babak. Mithos on Bureaucrcay dalam Osborne, David and Peter Plastrik, Banishing Bureaucracy. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1996
Badan Kepegawaian Negara. Undang-undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999. Jakarta: Badan Kepegawaian Negara, 2000.
Betham, David. Max Weber and the Theory of Modern Politics. London: Oxford University Press, 1974: Chapter 3.
Caiden, Gerald E. Implementation – The Achilles Heel of Admninistrative Reform dalam Arne F. Leemans (ed.): The Management of Change in Government. The Hague, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, 1076.
Fogleman, Robert R. Pemimpin bagi Masa Perubahan dalam Ken Shelton (ed.) Paradigma Baru Kepemimpinan (terj.). Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo, 2002.
Goldsworthy, Diana. Setting Up Next Steps. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1991.
Indrajit, Richardus Eko, Electronic Government. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset, 2002.
Kilcullen, R.J. Max Weber: On Bureacracry. New York: Macquire University, 1966:2.
Kwik, Kian Gie. Reformasi Birokrasi Dalam Mengefektifkan Kinerja Pegawai Pemerintahan. Jakarta: Bappenas, 2003.
LAN dan BPKP. Akuntabilitas Kinerja dan Good Governance. Jakarta: Lembaga Administrasi Negara, 2000.
Mersmann, Gerhard and Gero von Harder. Change Management. Jakarta: Lembaga Administrasi Negara, 2002.
Mustopadidjaja AR, Bureacracy and Development of Reform dalam Mersmann, Gerhard and Gero von Harder. Change Management. Jakarta: Lembaga Administrasi Negara, 2002.
Osborne, David and Peter Plastrik, Banishing Bureaucracy. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1997
Osborne, David and Ted Gaebler, Reinventing Government . Reading, MA: A Plume Book, 1992.
Pusat Studi Kependudukan UGM, Karakteristik Ketidakpuasan Masyarakat terhadap Pelayanan Publik dalam LAN: Peyusunan Standar Pelayanan. Jakarta: Lembaga Administrasi Negara, 2003.
Reichheld, Frederick F. Measuring Change & Changing Measures dalam Lance A. Berger, Martin J. Sikora with Dorothy R. Berger: The Change Management Handbook. Chicago, USA: Richard D. Irwin Inc., 1994
Wardiana, Wawan. Peranan Teknologi Informasi Pada Era Globalisasi. Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 2 Nomor 3, Oktober 2003.
Weber, Max. Bureaucracy dalam Jay M. Shafritz dan Albert C. Hyde: Classics of Public Administration. Pasific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, 1987.
Weber, Max. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, dalam Peter M.Blau dan Marshall W. Meyer, Birokrasi Dalam Masyarakat Modern. Jakarta: Prestasi Pustakakarya, 2000.