Hubungan Ilkan Layanan Masyarakat terhadap Status Ekonomi Perokok
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Kampanye media massa bahaya merokok secara signifikan telah terbukti membantu orang untuk berhenti merokok dan mengurangi prevalensi merokok di banyak negara. Namun, Iklan Layanan Masyarakat (ILM) bahaya merokok di Indonesia yang dibuat untuk mengkaunter iklan rokok dan mempromosikan efek buruk merokok tidak dapat bersaing dengan iklan rokok yang masif dan sangat kreatif di berbagai media. Riset tentang Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Efektivitas Iklan Layanan Masyarakat (ILM) Bahaya Merokok di YouTube menunjukkan bahwa ILM tersebut paling banyak dilihat oleh perokok pasif dan kelompok usia 17-25 tahun. Merujuk dari hasil tersebut, tulisan ini bertujuan melihat hubungan ILM #suaratanparokok terhadap status ekonomi perokok. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis statistik Chi-Square. Hasil riset ini menunjukkan bahwa walau tidak ada pendapatan tetap, responden (baik perokok aktif dan pasif) cenderung merokok. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tidaknya hubungan antara ILM dengan status ekonomi perokok dan non-prokok. Namun, studi ini membenarkan hasil penelitian awal bahwa ILM dilihat oleh kelompok usia muda (17-25 tahun) yang aktif menggunakan media sosial, khususnya Instagram. Pemerintah perlu melakukan kampanye bahaya merokok, salah satunya melalui, ILM yang lebih efektif, yang dikemas secara menarik guna memberikan dampak positif kepada masyarakat terkait bahaya rokok.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- The journal allow the authors to hold the copyright without restrictions and allow the authors to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
References
Seatca, The ASEAN tobacco control atlas, T.Y. Lian and U. Dorotheo, Editors. 2014, Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance (Seatca): Singapore.
Rosemary, R. Forbidden smoke. Inside Indonesia 2018 [cited 2018 12 November 2018]; Available from: https://www.insideindonesia.org/forbidden-smoke.
Rosemary, R., Women’s interpretation of anti-smoking messages in Indonesia: An audience analysis (submitted), in Media and Communication. 2020, University of Sydney.
Giovino, G.A., et al., Tobacco use in 3 billion individuals from 16 countries: an analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional household surveys. The Lancet, 2012. 380(9842): p. 668-679.
De Beyer, J., C. Lovelace, and A. Yürekli, Poverty and tobacco. Tobacco Control, 2001. 10(3): p. 210-211.
WHO, Global tobacco epidemic: country profile Indonesia. 2015, World Health Organization.
Achadi, A., W. Soerojo, and S. Barber, The relevance and prospects of advancing tobacco control in Indonesia. Health Policy, 2005. 72(3): p. 333-349.
Djutaharta, T. and H. Viriya Surya. Research on Tobacco in Indonesia: An annotated bibliography and review of research on tobacco use, health effects, economics, and control efforts. HNP discussion paper World Bank Group 2003; Available from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13698.
Nichter, M., et al., Reading culture from tobacco advertisements in Indonesia. Tobacco Control, 2009. 18(2): p. 98-107.
Indonesia, R., Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 109 Tahun 2012 tentang pengamanan bahan yang mengandung zat adiktif berupa produk tembakau bagi kesehatan, D.o.H.R.o. Indonesia, Editor. 2012, Department of Health Republic of Indonesia: Jakarta Indonesia.
Caixeta, R.B., et al., Antismoking Messages and Intention to Quit-17 Countries, 2008-2011. 2013, U.S. Center for Disease Control: Atlanta. p. 417-422.
Davis, K.C., et al., Exploring differences in smokers' perceptions of the effectiveness of cessation media messages. Tobacco Control, 2010.
Jefferis, B., et al., Cigarette consumption and socioâ€economic circumstances in adolescence as predictors of adult smoking. Addiction, 2003. 98(12): p. 1765-1772.
Ennett, S.T. and K.E. Bauman, The contribution of influence and selection to adolescent peer group homogeneity: the case of adolescent cigarette smoking. Journal of personality and social psychology, 1994. 67(4): p. 653.
Kandel, D.B. and P. Wu, The contributions of mothers and fathers to the intergenerational transmission of cigarette smoking in adolescence. Journal of research on adolescence, 1995. 5(2): p. 225-252.
Jackson, C. and L. Henriksen, Do as I say: parent smoking, antismoking socialization, and smoking onset among children. Addictive behaviors, 1997. 22(1): p. 107-114.
Leonardi-Bee, J., M.L. Jere, and J. Britton, Exposure to parental and sibling smoking and the risk of smoking uptake in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax, 2011.
Lucas, K. and B. Lloyd, Starting smoking: Girls' explanations of the influence of peers. Journal of adolescence, 1999. 22(5): p. 647-655.
Rosario-Sim, M.G., Factors influencing how Asian American adolescents make decisions to smoke and not to smoke. 2008, Teachers College, Columbia University: Ann Arbor. p. 339-n/a.
Tyas, S.L. and L.L. Pederson, Psychosocial factors related to adolescent smoking: a critical review of the literature. Tobacco Control, 1998. 7(4): p. 409-420.
Davis, R.M., et al., The role of the media in promoting and reducing tobacco use (19). NCI Tobacco Control Monograph Series, ed. R.M. Davis, et al. 2008, United States: U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services National Institutes of Health.
Sargent, J.D., J. Gibson, and T.F. Heatherton, Comparing the effects of entertainment media and tobacco marketing on youth smoking. Tobacco Control, 2009. 18(1): p. 47-53.
Luke, C., As Seen on TV or was That My Phone? New Media Literacy. Policy Futures in Education, 2007. 5(1): p. 50-58.
Luke, D., E. Esmundo, and Y. Bloom, Smoke signs: patterns of tobacco billboard advertising in a metropolitan region. Tobacco Control, 2000. 9(1): p. 16-23.
Freeman, B., New media and tobacco control. Tobacco control, 2012. 21(2): p. 139-144.
Astuti, P.A.S., M. Assunta, and B. Freeman, Raising generation ‘A’: a case study of millennial tobacco company marketing in Indonesia. Tobacco control, 2018. 27(e1): p. e41-e49.
Fauzi, R., et al., Hubungan Terpaan Iklan, Promosi, Sponsor Rokok dengan Status Merokok di Indonesia. 2018, Tobacco Control Support Center –Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (TCSC IAKMI) International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union).
Mutmainnah, N., Hendriyani, and I. Utaminingtyas, Outsmarting regulation: how tobacco websites and social media targeting young people. International Journal of Communication and Society, 2020. 2(1): p. 12-19.
Sebayang, S.K., et al., Better to die than to leave a friend behind: industry strategy to reach the young. Tobacco Control, 2012. 21: p. 370-372.
WLF. Indonesia health communications campaigns. 2015 [cited 2016 14 April]; Available from: http://worldlungfoundation.org/ht/d/sp/i/20872/pid/20872.
Durkin, S., et al., Potential effectiveness of anti-smoking advertisement types in ten low and middle income countries: Do demographics, smoking characteristics and cultural differences matter? Social Science & Medicine, 2013. 98: p. 204-213.
Durkin, S., E. Brennan, and M. Wakefield, Mass media campaigns to promote smoking cessation among adults: an integrative review. Tobacco control, 2012. 21(2): p. 127-138.
Rosemary, R., A content analysis of tobacco advertising and promotion for Indonesian tobacco brands on YouTube, in Department of Media and Communication. 2011, University of Sydney: Sydney, Australia.
Chung, J.E., Antismoking campaign videos on YouTube and audience response: Application of social media assessment metrics. Computers in Human Behavior, 2015. 51: p. 114-121.
Shi, R., P. Messaris, and J.N. Cappella, Effects of online comments on smokers' perception of antismoking public service announcements. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 2014. 19(4): p. 975-990.
Rosemary, R., et al., Exposure to Public Service Advertisements #suaratanparokok: A Sociodemographic Analysis 2021, Universitas Islam Indonesia.
Sugiyono, D., Metode penelitian pendidikan pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D. 2013.
Warren, C.W., et al., Patterns of global tobacco use in young people and implications for future chronic disease burden in adults. The lancet, 2006. 367(9512): p. 749-753.
Assifa, F., Daftar Harga Rokok Terbaru 2022 Setelah Mengalami Kenaikan 12 Persen, in Kompas.com. 2022.
Aloise-Young, P.A., J.W. Graham, and W.B. Hansen, Peer influence on smoking initiation during early adolescence: a comparison of group members and group outsiders. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1994. 79(2): p. 281-287.