PENGARUH BUDAYA BIROKRASI “ewuh-pakewuh” TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Harry Indradjit Soeharjono

Abstract

Within bureaucratic environment in Indonesia, “ewuh-pakewuhâ€- a manner steming from Javanese culture with themeaning 'to respect superiors or seniors more than necessary', still sticks to the bureaucrats in a certain situation, especially internal auditors when facing their superiors or top managers.The bureaucratic culture “ewuh-pakewuh†basically could make superiors or top managers out of control of their subordinates or internal auditors because they are reluctant to provide information or inputs needed by their superiors or top managers. Early warning system in this context obviously comes to a failure. On the contrary, the absence or weak control from subordinates or internal auditors results in the way the superiors or top management feel absolutely confident that their instructions should be complied whether it is going right or not, which refers to “the king can do no wrongâ€. In such situation, internal control system as a part of bureaucratic system to safeguard good governance within goverment institutions tends to be ineffective In fact, internal control system could not prevent fraud being done by some bureaucrats which ultimately come to corruption crime.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

How to Cite
Soeharjono, H. I. (2019). PENGARUH BUDAYA BIROKRASI “ewuh-pakewuh” TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi: Media Pengembangan Ilmu Dan Praktek Administrasi, 8(3), 01. https://doi.org/10.31113/jia.v8i3.288


Section
Articles

References

Abdullah, Irwan. 2007. Konstruksi dan Reproduksi

Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Ali, Fachry. 1986. Refleksi Paham “Kekuasaan Jawa†dalam

Indonesia Modernâ€. Jakarta: Gramedia.

Bachrudin, Achmad dan Harapan L. Tobing. 2003.

Analisis Data Untuk Penelitian Survai Dengan

Menggunakan LISREL 8. Bandung.

Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan.

Deputi Bidang Investigasi. 2007. Fraud Control

Plan. Jakarta.

Brannen,Julia. 2005. Mixing Methods: Qualitative and

Quantitative Research, alih bahasa: Memadu

Metode Penelitian Kualitatif & Kuantitatif oleh H.

Nuktah Arfawie Kurde et.al.Yogyakarta: Pustaka

Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi + Volume VIII + No. 3 + Desember 2011 259

Pengaruh Budaya Birokrasi “ewuh-pakewuh†Terhadap Efektivitas Sistem Pengendalian Intern

» Harry Indrajit Soeharjono

Pelajar.

Brown, D. Andrew. 1998. Organizational Culture. Great

Britain: Pearson Education.

Bungin, Burhan. 2003. Analisis Data Penelitian Kualitatif,

Pemahaman Filosofis dan Metodologis ke Arah

Penguasaan Model Aplikasi. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo

Persada.

Collins, and Mc Laughlin. 1996. Effective Management.

(Second Edition). Sydney: CCH.

Creswell, John W. 1994. Research Design: Qualitative and

Quantitative Approaches. California: SAGE

Publications, Inc.

Direktorat Aparatur Negara Bappenas. 2004. Kajian

Rencana Tindak Reformasi Birokrasi. Jakarta.

Effendi, Sofian. 2005. Membangun Budaya Birokrasi untuk

Good Governance. Makalah.Yogyakarta: Lokakarya

Nasional Reformasi Birokrasi. http://sofian.staff.

ugm.ac.id/artikel/MEMBANGUN-BUDAYABIROKRASI.

pdf.

Graham, Lynford. 2008. Internal Controls: Guidance for

Private, Government, and Non Profit Entities. New

Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Gray, Sidney J. and Hazel M. Vint. 1995. “The Impact of

Culture on Accounting Disclosures: Some

International Evidence.†Asia-Pacific Journal of

Accounting: 33-43.

Gray, Sidney J. 1988. Towards a Theory of Cultural

Influence on the Development of Accounting Systems

Internally. Abacus 24: 1-15.

Harrison, Graeme L. and Jill L. McKinnon. 1986.

“Culture and Accounting Change: A New Perspective

on Corporate Reporting Regulation and Accounting

Policy Formulation.†Accounting Organizations and

Society 11 (3): 233-252.

Hill, Michael J. 2005. The Public Policy Process. Essex:

Pearson Education Limited.

Hofstede, Geert. 1984. Culture's Consequenses:

International Differences in Work-Related Values.

California: SAGE Publications, Inc.

__________ 1984. Cultural Dimensions In Management

And Planning. Asia Pacific Journal of Management:

-99

Hofstede, Geert, Gert Jan Hofstede, and Michael

Minkov. 2010. Cultures and Organizations - 3rd

edition. New York: Mc Graw Hill.

Hope, Ole-Kristian. 2003. “Firm-level Disclosures and the

Relative Roles of Culture and Legal Origin.†Journal of

International Financial Management and

Accounting 14 (3): 218-248.

Ikhsan, Arfan dan Muhammad Ishak. 2005. Akuntansi

Keperilakuan. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

Jaggi, Bikki and Pek Yee Low. 2000. “Impact of Culture,

Market Forces, and Legal System on Financial

Disclosures.†The International Journal of

Accounting 35 (4): 495-519.

Jeddawi, Murtir. 2008. Reformasi Birokrasi, Kelembagaan,

dan Pembinaaan PNS. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Total

Media.

Kausar. 2009. Sistem Birokrasi Pemerintahan Di Daerah

Dalam Bayang-Bayang Budaya Patron-Klien,

Bandung: Alumni.

Kim, Uichol, Harry C. Triandis, Cigdem Kagitcibasi,

Sang-Chin Choi, and Gene Yoon. 1994.

Individualism and Collectivism, Theory, Method, and

Applications. California: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Koentjaraningrat. 1975. Manusia dan Kebudayaan di

Indonesia. Jakarta: 1994. Kebudayaan Jawa. Jakarta:

Balai Pustaka.

__________ 2004. Kebudayaan, Mentalitas dan

Pembangunan. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Kuntowijoyo. 1994. Demokrasi dan Budaya Birokrasi.

Yogyakarta: Yayasan Bentang Budaya.

Ansari, Khizar Humayun dan Jackson, June. 1996.

Managing Cultural Diversity at Work-Mengelola

Keragaman Budaya Di Lingkungan Kerja. alih bahasa.

M. Prihmanto Widodo. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka

Utama.

Magnis Suseno, Franz. 2001. Etika Jawa, Sebuah Analisa

Falsafi tentang Kebijaksanaan Hidup Jawa. Jakarta:

Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Martojo, Hendro. 2008. Kinerja Aparat Pemerintah Masih

Diwarnai Budaya Negatif dan Ketimuran.

http://www.bpkp.go.id

Masdiana, Erlangga. 2004. Nepotisme dan “Bureaumaniaâ€

dalam Birokrasi. Makalah.

Mas'oed, Mochtar. 1997. Politik, Birokrasi, dan

Pembangunan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Muhtar, Entang Adhy. 2008. Pelayanan Publik Di

Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Kultural Dan Etika.

Makalah.

Nordholt, Nico Schulte. 1987. Ojo Dumeh, Perilaku

Kepemimpinan Lokal dalam Pembangunan. Jakarta:

Pustaka Sinar Harapan.

Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 60

Tahun 2008 tentang Sistem Pengendalian Intern

Pemerintah.

Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. 2007.

Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang

Disempurnakan dan Uraian Sederhana tentang

Gaya Bahasa atau Majas.Yogyakarta: Indonesia

Tera.

Rakhmat, Jalaluddin. 2007. Psikologi Komunikasi, Edisi

Revisi. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.

Ratminto, dan Atik Septi Winarsih. 2007. Manajemen

Pelayanan, Pengembangan Model Konseptual,

Penerapan Citizen's Charter dan Standar Pelayanan

Minimal. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Revida, Erika. 2007. Penataan Ulang Birokrasi dan Kualitas

Pelayanan Publik di Era Otonomi Daerah. Pidato

Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar Tetap Bidang

Ilmu Administrasi Kepegawaian Negara pada

Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (FISIP) –

U n i v e r s i t a s S u m a t r a U t a r a .

http://www.usu.ac.id/id/files/pidato/ppgb

erika revida.pdf.

Robbins, Stephen P. 1996. Organizational Behavior. alih

bahasa: Per i laku Organi sas i . Hadyana

Pujaatmaka. 1996. Jakarta: Prenhallindo.

Root, Steven J. 1998. Beyond COSO: Internal Control to

Enhance Corporate Governance. New York: John

Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Salter, Stephen B. and Frederick Niswander. 1994.

“Cultural Influence on The Development of Accounting

Systems Internationally: A Test of Gray's (1988)

Theory.†Journal of International Business Studies:

-397.

Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi + Volume VIII + No. 3 + Desember 2011

Pengaruh Budaya Birokrasi “ewuh-pakewuh†Terhadap Efektivitas Sistem Pengendalian Intern

Harry Indrajit Soeharjono «

Schein, Edgar H. 2004. Organizational Culture and

Leadership (third edition). The Josses-Bass Business

& Management Series.

Schwartz, S.H. 1994. Beyond Individualism/Collectivism:

New Cultural Dimensions of Values. California:

SAGE Publications.

Schwartz, S.H. 2004. Mapping and Interpreting Cultural

Differences around the World appear in Comparing

Cultures, Dimensions of Culture in a Comparative

Perspective by H. Vinken, J. Soeters & P. Ester (Eds).

Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.

Siagian, Sondang P. 1995. Patologi Birokrasi Analisis,

Identifikasi, dan Terapinya. Jakarta: Ghalia

Indonesia.

Statement of Accounting Standards (SAS) No. 99. 2002.

“Consideration of Fraud in A Financial Statement

Audit.â€

Sudarwan, M. and Fogarty, Timothy J. 1996. â€Culture and

Accounting in Indonesia: An Empirical Examination.â€

The International Journal of Accounting 31 (4): 463-

Sugiyono. 2009. Statistika untuk Penelitian. Bandung:

Alfabeta.

Supranto, J. 2004. Analisis Multivariat, Arti dan

Interprestasi. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Susanto, A.B., et al. 2008. Corporate Culture &

Organization Culture. Jakarta: Divisi Penerbitan

The Jakarta Consulting Group.

Sutardjo, Imam. 2006. Mutiara Budaya Jawa. Surakarta:

Jurusan Sastra Daerah, Fakultas Sastra dan Seni

Rupa, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Syafiie, Inu Kencana. 2004. Birokrasi Pemerintahan

Indonesia. Bandung: Mandar Maju.

The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the

Treadway Commission. 1992. Internal Control-

Integrated Framework. Jersey City, New Jersey:

COSO.

Thoha, Miftah.1991. Perspektif Perilaku Birokrasi. Jakarta:

Rajawali.

__________ 2009. Birokrasi Pemerintah Indonesia di Era

Reformasi. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.

Umar, Husein. 1997. Metodologi Penelitian: Aplikasi dalam

Pemasaran. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Violet, William J. 1983. “The Development of International

Accounting Standards: An Anthropological

Perspective.†The International Journal of

Accounting 18 (2): 1-12.

Zarzeski, Marilyn Taylor. 1996. “Spontaneous

Harmonization Effects of Culture and Market Forces on

Accounting Disclosure Practices.†Accounting

Horizons 10 (1): 18-37.

Zuhro, Siti, Umar Juoro dan Andrinof Chaniago. 2007.

Profesionalitas dan Netralitas Birokrasi: Menuju Daya

Saing Ekonomi Daerah (Studi di Empat Provinsi).

Jakarta: The Habibie Center.